La Corte euriopea dei diritti dell'Uomo ha redatto una guida pratica ai criteri di ammissibilità dei ricorsi per violazione delle C.E.D.U. Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell'Uomo. E' all'indirizzo
http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/91AEEEBC-B90F-4913-ABCC-E181A44B75AD/0/Practical_Guide_on_Admissibility_Criteria.pdf
Utile per interpretare al meglio l'art. 35 che ha introdotto nuovi criteri di ammissibilità dei ricorsi.
Forse si ridurrà la percentuale sconcertante dei ricorsi dichiarati inammissibili dalla Corte di Strasburgo (95%).
LEGGI DI SEGUITO L'INDICE DELLA GUIDA ...
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON
ADMISSIBILITY CRITERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.............................................. 6
A. Individual application.................................... 8
1. Purpose of the provision............................... 8
2. Status of the application.............................. 8
3. Freedom to exercise the right of application .. 9
4. Obligations of the respondent State ............ 11
a) Rule 39 of the Rules of Court ...................... 11
b) Establishment of the facts ......................... 11
c) Investigations ...................................... .. 12
B. Victim status ........................................... 12
1. Notion of “victim”.......................................12
2. Direct victim .............................................13
3. Indirect victim............................................13
4. Death of the victim ....................................14
5. Loss of victim status ................................... 15
I. PROCEDURAL GROUNDS FOR INADMISSIBILITY.. 16
A. Non-exhaustion of domestic remedies................16
1. Purpose of the rule ...................................... 18
2. Application of the rule.................................. 18
a) Flexibility........................................................ 18
b) Compliance with domestic rules and limits .......... 18
c) Existence of several remedies ........................ 19
d) Complaint raised in substance......................... 19
e) Existence and appropriateness ....................... 19
f) Availability and effectiveness.......................... 19
3. Limits on the application of the rule ..................................................................... 20
a) Burden of proof......................................................................................................................... 20
b) Procedural aspects..................................................................................................................... 21
c) Creation of new remedies ......................................................................................................... 21
B. Non-compliance with the six-month time-limit.................................. 22
1. Purpose of the rule ................................................................................................ 23
2. Starting date for the running of the six-month period ........................................... 23
a) Final decision........................................................................................................................... 23
b) Starting point............................................................................................................................ 24
c) Service of the decision .............................................................................................................. 24
d) No service of the decision......................................................................................................... 25
e) No remedy available ................................................................................................................. 25
f) Calculation of the six-month period.......................................................................................... 25
g) Continuing situation.................................................................................................................. 25
3. Date of introduction of an application .................................................................. 26
a) First letter................................................................................................................................. 26
b) Difference between the date of writing and the date of posting................................................ 26
c) Dispatch by fax ......................................................................................................................... 27
d) Interval after the first communication....................................................................................... 27
e) Characterisation of a complaint ................................................................................................ 27
f) Subsequent complaints.............................................................................................................. 27
4. Examples ............................................................................................................... 28
a) Applicability of time constraints to procedural obligation under Article 2 of the Convention. 28
b) Conditions of application of the six-month rule in cases of multiple periods of detention under
Article 5 § 3 of the Convention................................................................................................. 28
C. Anonymous application ........................................................................ 28
1. Anonymous application ......................................................................................... 29
2. Non-anonymous application.................................................................................. 29
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D. Redundant application ......................................................................... 29
1. Identical applicants ............................................................................................... 30
2. Identical complaints .............................................................................................. 30
3. Identical facts ........................................................................................................ 31
E. Application already submitted to another international body ......... 32
1. The concept of procedure ...................................................................................... 32
a) The procedure must be public................................................................................................... 32
b) The procedure must be international......................................................................................... 33
c) The procedure must be independent ......................................................................................... 33
d) The procedure must be judicial................................................................................................. 33
2. Procedural guarantees.......................................................................................... 33
a) Adversarial proceedings............................................................................................................ 33
b) Requirements imposed on the judicial body ............................................................................. 33
3. The role of the procedure ...................................................................................... 34
a) The procedure must be able to determine responsibilities ........................................................ 34
b) The procedure must have the aim of putting an end to the violation ........................................ 34
c) The effectiveness of the procedure ........................................................................................... 35
F. Abuse of the right of application ......................................................... 35
1. General definition.................................................................................................. 36
2. Misleading the Court............................................................................................. 36
3. Offensive language ................................................................................................ 37
4. Breach of the principle of confidentiality of friendly-settlement proceedings ...... 37
5. Application manifestly vexatious or devoid of any real purpose .......................... 38
6. Other cases............................................................................................................ 39
7. Approach to be adopted by the respondent Government ...................................... 39
II. GROUNDS FOR INADMISSIBILITY RELATING TO THE
COURT’S JURISDICTION.................................................................... 39
A. Incompatibility ratione personae ......................................................... 39
1. Principles............................................................................................................... 40
2. Jurisdiction............................................................................................................ 41
3. Responsability and imputability ............................................................................ 41
4. Questions concerning the possible responsibility of States Parties to the
Convention on account of acts or omissions linked to their membership of an
international organisation..................................................................................... 43
B. Incompatibility ratione loci .................................................................. 45
1. Principles............................................................................................................... 45
2. Specific cases......................................................................................................... 46
C. Incompatibility ratione temporis .......................................................... 47
1. General principles................................................................................................. 47
2. Application of these principles.............................................................................. 48
a) Critical date in relation to the ratification of the Convention or acceptance of the jurisdiction of
the Convention institutions ....................................................................................................... 48
b) Instantaneous facts prior or subsequent to entry into force or declaration................................ 49
3. Specific situations.................................................................................................. 50
a) Continuing violations................................................................................................................ 50
b) Procedural obligation under Article 2 to investigate a death: proceedings relating to facts
outside the Court’s temporal jurisdiction.................................................................................. 51
c) Procedural obligation under Article 2 to investigate disappearances that occurred prior to the
critical date............................................................................................................................... 52
d) Procedural obligation under Article 3....................................................................................... 52
e) Consideration of prior facts ...................................................................................................... 52
f) Pending proceedings or detention ............................................................................................. 52
g) Right to compensation for wrongful conviction ....................................................................... 53
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D. Incompatibility ratione materiae.......................................................... 53
1. The concept of “civil rights and obligations”....................................................... 55
a) General requirements for applicability of Article 6 § 1 ............................................................ 55
b) The term “dispute”.................................................................................................................... 55
c) Existence of an arguable right in domestic law......................................................................... 56
d) “Civil” nature of the right ......................................................................................................... 58
e) Private nature of a right: the pecuniary dimension ................................................................... 58
f) Extension to other types of dispute ........................................................................................... 59
g) Excluded matters....................................................................................................................... 61
h) Applicability of Article 6 to proceedings other than main proceedings.................................... 62
2. The notion of “criminal charge”........................................................................... 63
a) General principles ..................................................................................................................... 63
b) Application of the general principles ........................................................................................ 65
Disciplinary proceedings .................................................................................................................................................. 65
Administrative, tax, customs and competition-law proceedings....................................................................................... 66
Political issues................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Expulsion and extradition ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Different stages of criminal proceedings, ancillary proceedings and subsequent remedies............................................. 68
c) Relationship with other Articles of the Convention or its Protocols......................................... 70
3. The concepts of “private life” and “family life” .................................................. 71
a) Scope of Article 8 ..................................................................................................................... 71
b) The sphere of “private life”....................................................................................................... 71
c) The sphere of “family life” ....................................................................................................... 74
Right to become a parent .................................................................................................................................................. 74
As regards children ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
As regards couples ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
As regards other relationships........................................................................................................................................... 76
Material interests............................................................................................................................................................... 76
4. The concepts of “home” and “correspondence”.................................................. 77
a) Scope of Article 8 ..................................................................................................................... 77
b) Scope of the concept of “home” ............................................................................................... 77
c) Examples of interference .......................................................................................................... 78
d) Scope of the concept of “correspondence” ............................................................................... 79
5. The concept of “possessions” ............................................................................... 80
a) Protected possessions................................................................................................................ 80
b) Autonomous meaning ............................................................................................................... 80
c) Existing possessions ................................................................................................................. 81
d) Claims and debts....................................................................................................................... 81
e) Restitution of property .............................................................................................................. 82
f) Future income ........................................................................................................................... 83
g) Professional clientele ................................................................................................................ 83
h) Business licences ...................................................................................................................... 83
i) Inflation.................................................................................................................................... 83
j) Intellectual property.................................................................................................................. 83
k) Company shares........................................................................................................................ 84
l) Social security benefits ............................................................................................................. 84
III. INADMISSIBILITY BASED ON THE MERITS................................. 84
A. Manifestly ill-founded........................................................................... 84
1. General introduction ............................................................................................. 84
2. “Fourth instance” ................................................................................................. 86
3. Clear or apparent absence of a violation.............................................................. 88
a) No appearance of arbitrariness or unfairness.............................................................................. 88
b) No appearance of a lack of proportion between the aims and the means................................... 89
c) Other relatively straightforward substantive issues .................................................................... 90
4. Unsubstantiated complaints: lack of evidence ...................................................... 91
5. Confused or far-fetched complaints ...................................................................... 92
No significant disadvantage...................................................................... 92
1. Background to the new criterion........................................................................... 92
2. Scope ..................................................................................................................... 93
3. Whether the applicant has suffered a significant disadvantage............................ 93
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4. Two safeguard clauses .......................................................................................... 94
a) Whether respect for human rights requires an examination of the case on the merits .............. 94
b) Whether the case has been duly considered by a domestic tribunal.......................................... 95
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